As North India braces for an intense spell of extreme heat, doctors in Delhi have reported the capital’s first officially confirmed heat stroke case of the season — though health experts caution that several milder or unreported heat-related illnesses may already be occurring across hospitals and communities amid rising temperatures.
A 24-year-old student from West Bengal is currently battling for life at Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Delhi, after suffering severe heat stroke while travelling by train.
Doctors said the young man was admitted with a body temperature exceeding 105°F, accompanied by repeated vomiting, severe diarrhoea, and altered mental status — classical signs of advanced heat stroke.
Emergency cooling procedures had to be initiated immediately after other possible causes were ruled out, Dr. Ajay Chauhan, Director of Medicine and nodal officer for heat stroke at RML Hospital, said as he urged immediate precautions. The development has heightened concern among physicians, who warn that extreme heat is fast emerging as a serious public health emergency rather than merely a seasonal discomfort.
“People should stay hydrated with water, ORS, and electrolytes, and take frequent shade breaks during peak heat,” Dr. Chauhan said, indicating that rapid heat exposure can overwhelm the body’s natural cooling systems, especially among travellers, outdoor workers, elderly persons, children, and people with chronic illnesses.
In fact, the growing medical concern has prompted the Union Ministry of Ayush, in coordination with the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), to issue a detailed nationwide advisory on managing heatwave conditions.
The advisory identifies infants, pregnant women, senior citizens, outdoor labourers, and patients with cardiovascular diseases or hypertension as particularly vulnerable groups requiring close monitoring during extreme heat.
Citizens have been advised to avoid direct sunlight during peak afternoon hours, wear loose cotton clothing, maintain hydration, and consume electrolyte-rich fluids and seasonal fruits, as per the advisory.
The advisory also integrates traditional wellness recommendations drawn from Ayurveda, Siddha, Yoga, Unani, and Homoeopathy systems to help reduce heat stress and improve body cooling mechanisms.
Dr. RP Parasher, National President of the All India Doctors Association of Indian Systems of Medicines (ISM), said Ayurveda views extreme summer heat as an aggravation of “Pitta dosha”, associated with body heat, metabolism, and digestion.
According to him, prevention remains the most important strategy.
He advised people to avoid excessive exposure to sunlight, spicy and oily foods, smoking, caffeine, and alcohol during heatwave periods. Dr. Parasher also recommended greater use of cooling traditional dietary practices, including sattu-based drinks, buttermilk, coconut water, aam panna, lemon-based beverages, mint drinks, and water-rich fruits such as watermelon, cucumber, and muskmelon.
“Sattu is one of the best nutritious and cooling drinks,” he observed.
He further suggested the use of cooling herbs, including coriander, fennel, and basil seeds, along with simple lifestyle modifications such as cool baths, adequate sleep, reduced physical exertion, and cooling breathing exercises like Sheetali Pranayama and Chandra Bhedana.
However, he cautioned that while traditional preventive practices may help reduce heat stress and mild exhaustion, heat stroke itself remains a medical emergency requiring immediate hospital care.
Doctors say one of the biggest challenges with heat-related illness is delayed recognition. Unlike visible injuries, heat stress often builds silently within the body until multiple organs begin to fail. Once core body temperature rises sharply, the brain, kidneys, heart, and liver can rapidly sustain irreversible damage.
Dr. Jitendra Sakhrani, Urologist, Apollo Spectra Mumbai, cautioned that rising temperatures are not just causing dehydration but also kidney problems and urinary tract infections (UTIs).
“Excessive heat leads to dehydration, which stresses the kidneys and creates conditions that allow bacteria to grow in the urinary tract. Dehydration from prolonged heat, excessive sweating, and inadequate water intake reduces blood flow to these vital organs, inducing issues such as kidney stones, acute kidney injury, or worsening of existing kidney disease. Kidney-related issues can lead to lower back pain, reduced urine output, swelling in hands or feet, fatigue, or nausea that can interfere with the daily routine,” he said.
“So, everyone should prioritize their health during scorching heat. To prevent UTIs, hydration is key, so drink at least 2–3 litres of water every day. Avoid excessive caffeine or alcohol, which can dehydrate the body further. Maintain good personal hygiene, urinate from time to time, and opt for breathable clothing to reduce UTI risk. For kidney health, moderate salt intake, avoid prolonged sun exposure, and rest during peak heat hours. Seek timely help for kidney problems or UTIs.”
Climate experts and physicians have warned that recurrent and prolonged heat waves driven by climate change are no longer causing only heat exhaustion and heat stroke, but are increasingly aggravating cardiovascular, respiratory, and kidney-related illnesses across Indian cities.
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecast heatwave to severe heatwave conditions across large parts of northwest, central, and eastern India over the coming days. In Delhi, temperatures are expected to touch nearly 46 degrees Celsius, with sustained periods of extreme heat likely through the week. The Capital has already recorded its first official heatwave day of the season, with temperatures remaining significantly above normal.
