International Women’s Day: History, Significance & Indian Literary Context

International women’s day is celebrated globally on March 08 every year. The celebration puts the light on the women’s struggles, liberation movements, rights, and their accomplishments, showcasing their dynamic participation in the societal, political and economic arena of the world.

History

International Women’s Day finds its root in activities of labor movements at the cusp of the twentieth century in North America and across Europe. Earlier called ‘National Women's Day,’ was celebrated for the first time as an event in New York city on February 28, 1909, to celebrate the garment workers' strike in New York, during which a large number of women protested against adversities they faced in the working conditions and their livelihood. It was organized by an American Labor activist and the then head of the Women's National Committee of the Socialist Party of America (SPA), Theresa Malkiel.

In 1975, during International Women's Year, the United Nations started celebrating the International Women’s Day and formalized it in the next couple of years, in 1977.

Theme of International Women's Day 2024

International women’s Day has a particular theme every year since the UN recognizes it, for this year the theme is “Invest in women: Accelerate Progress,” which highlights the importance of gender equality, women’s and girls’ empowerment, and their rights to healthier lives and aims to gear them up economically.

Indian Poets and their Writings on Women

Indian poets have long celebrated and honored women through their profound verses. Kaifi Azmi, a prominent progressive poet hailing from northern India, expressed his reverence for women in his poem "Aurat." In it, he urges women to break free from the shackles of tradition, societal expectations, and illusions of delicacy, encouraging them to emerge with strength and resilience.

“toḌ kar rasm kā but band-e-qadāmat se nikal,

zof-e-ishrat se nikal vahm-e-nazākat se nikal

nafs ke khīñche hue halqa-e-azmat se nikal

qaid ban jaae mohabbat to mohabbat se nikal”

Indian national poet Ramdhari Singh Dinkar emphasizes that while men may create laws, it is women who shape societal norms through their actions and conduct.

“नर रचते कानून, नारियाँ रचती हैं आचार!”

Allama Iqbal, often referred to as the Poet of the East, in his renowned work "Zarb-e-Kaleem” beautifully emphasizes the significance of women with the verse, "vajūd-e-zan se hai tasvīr-e-kaināt meñ rang." Here, Iqbal clearly illustrates that it is through the existence of women that the picture of humanity is imbued with vibrant colors.

Significance

The significance of International Women's Day in India continues to evolve, with a focus on empowering women, promoting gender equality in education, employment, and politics, and raising awareness about issues affecting women's lives. International Women's Day serves as a reminder of the ongoing struggle for women's rights in India. Despite progress, women still face discrimination, violence, and societal barriers that hinder their full participation and advancement. This day encourages solidarity among women and allies, fostering a sense of unity in the fight for equality and justice. It is not just a celebration but a call to action. It inspires individuals and communities to work towards creating a more inclusive and equitable society where every woman can thrive and fulfill her potential.