The state's masterstroke was the formation of the Orissa State Disaster Mitigation Authority (OSDMA). The semi-autonomous agency has constructed 160 cyclone shelters, and plans to set up 320 more along the 480 km long coastline. Designed by experts from iit, Kharagpur, these massive concrete shelters stand on stilts and can withstand 300 kmph winds or a 15-foot tsunami surge. In safe weather, they are used as schools and community halls. During a cyclone, they will provide refuge for up to 3,000 people, along with stocks of food, emergency equipments and medicines.
"We've trained people from each coastal village in rescue operations and first aid. They form the backbone of the shelters and we hold refresher courses for them once in three months," OSDMA MD Nikunja K. Sundaray told Outlook. In addition, the agency has drawn on personnel from the state armed police to form the Orissa Disaster Rapid Action Force (ODRAF), which has platoon-strength units stationed in five coastal locations. Four hundred communication posts, equipped with VHF sets and satellite phones, are strung out along the coast to provide early warnings.
The agency proved its mettle on September 13, when a tsunami warning sounded in the early evening. "Within a few minutes, people in all the coastal districts were alerted," Sundaray said. "And within two hours, we had evacuated lakhs of people to safer places, including the cyclone shelters." In fact, the UNDP was so impressed that it is now studying their response mechanism as a model for other countries. On its own initiative, the OSDMA is offering disaster management consultancy to other states.
Orissa received thousands of crores of rupees in aid after the cyclone. Amazingly, not a single allegation of corruption or irregularities in distribution of relief has surfaced. Baijayant (Jay) Panda, the BJD MP, recalls that immediately after coming to power in early 2000, CM Naveen Patnaik drew up guidelines to ensure that "relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction had to be efficient and transparent, without any bias and corruption," and that all such projects were strictly monitored. "We've evolved a set of clear benchmarks and 'best practices' that are now being emulated by other states," he told Outlook. Even Opposition leaders in Orissa concede the remarkable achievements of the government's relief and rehab efforts, which have shown that a gust of ill wind can be harnessed to blow some good.
