The Bhaja Caves in Lonavala offer a glimpse into ancient Buddhist culture and art in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra. These 22 caves are situated on a hill near Bhaja village in Pune. All these caves date back to the Hinayana phase, ranging from the 3rd century BC to the 2nd century AD. However, some caves were still in use until the 5th or 6th century AD, as indicated by painted Buddha images in the chaitya (prayer hall). These caves were carved into the hill, about 120 metres above the surrounding plains, facing west.
The nearby Indrayani River flows through the valley, and the area's historical significance is evident with the presence of two Maratha forts, Lohagadh and Visapur, on the adjacent hilltops.