Colombia has become the second country after the US to recognise Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights
The UN continues to regard the territory as occupied Syrian territory under Resolution 497
Colombia’s move changes its diplomatic position but does not alter the UN’s established legal position
Colombia has recognised Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights, becoming only the second country after the United States to formally recognise Israel’s claim over the territory.
Colombia’s Foreign Ministry announced the decision on August 10, saying it was based on the Golan’s strategic importance to Israel’s security and on a commitment reached between the Colombian and Israeli governments on August 8. Bogotá said maintaining Israeli control and sovereignty over the territory was an important component of Israel’s national defence.
The move puts Colombia in a position that remains at odds with the established UN position on the territory. The UN Security Council has treated the Golan as occupied Syrian territory and declared Israel’s 1981 extension of its laws, jurisdiction and administration there “null and void and without international legal effect”.
It also creates an unusual contrast with Washington. The United States recognised Israeli sovereignty over the Golan in 2019, but US Ambassador to Turkey and Special Envoy for Syria Tom Barrack was reported on Saturday as saying Israel still occupies the territory in violation of UN resolutions. His comments appear inconsistent with the longstanding US government position, although they do not by themselves represent a formal change in US policy.
What Is The Golan Heights?
The Golan Heights is a strategic plateau in southwestern Syria bordering Israel, Lebanon and Jordan.
Israel captured most of the territory from Syria during the 1967 Arab-Israeli war and extended its laws, jurisdiction and administration to the area in 1981.
The move was rejected internationally. UN Security Council Resolution 497, adopted unanimously in December 1981, said Israel’s decision was “null and void and without international legal effect” and demanded that it be rescinded.
The UN continues to regard the Golan as occupied Syrian territory. Its resolutions and subsequent reports have repeatedly reaffirmed that position and referred to the need for Israel to withdraw to the 4 June 1967 line.
The dispute therefore concerns both sovereignty and the status of territory captured in war.
Why Does The Golan Matter To Israel?
Israel has long regarded the Golan as strategically important because of its elevation and location overlooking northern Israel.
That security argument is central to Colombia’s new position. Bogotá said Israeli sovereignty over the Golan was an important component of Israel’s national defence and its ability to protect its citizens.
The same reasoning underpinned Washington’s 2019 decision.
In his March 2019 proclamation, then-US President Donald Trump said Israel had taken control of the Golan in 1967 to protect itself from external threats and argued that continuing threats from Iran and Hezbollah made the territory important to Israeli security. He then formally recognised the Golan Heights as part of Israel.
Colombia’s decision therefore broadly follows the security-based argument that Washington used seven years earlier.
Why Did The US Recognise Israeli Sovereignty?
The 2019 US decision was a major departure from the previous American position.
For decades, Washington had treated the Golan as territory occupied by Israel after the 1967 war. Trump’s proclamation changed that position by formally recognising Israeli sovereignty over the territory.
The State Department continues to record that the United States recognised Israeli sovereignty over the Golan in March 2019.
The United States therefore became the first country to formally recognise Israel’s sovereignty over the Golan.
Colombia’s August decision makes it the second.
Why Is Colombia’s Decision Significant?
The significance lies partly in how isolated the position remains.
Colombia’s Foreign Ministry explicitly linked its decision to Israeli security and said the move reaffirmed a commitment to a stable and lasting peace in the Middle East.
But international recognition of territorial sovereignty does not itself alter the legal status established by the wider international system.
Israel has controlled the Golan since 1967 and extended its laws there in 1981. Colombia’s decision adds another government recognising that control as sovereignty. It does not overturn UN Security Council Resolution 497 or change the UN’s position.
That distinction matters because Colombia’s recognition does not alter the prevailing international legal position on the Golan, even as the number of countries formally recognising Israeli sovereignty has risen from one to two.
Why Does The UN Still Consider It Syrian Territory?
The UN position is based on the principle that territory acquired through war cannot simply become sovereign territory through unilateral annexation.
Resolution 497 specifically rejected Israel’s 1981 decision to extend its laws, jurisdiction and administration to the Golan and said the move had no international legal effect.
Later UN records have continued to refer to the territory as the occupied Syrian Golan and reaffirm the relevance of Resolution 497. UN resolutions have also repeatedly referred to the 4 June 1967 line in connection with Israel’s withdrawal from the territory.
This creates the central contradiction surrounding Colombia’s move: Bogotá is recognising a sovereignty claim that the UN system has continued to reject.
What Did Tom Barrack Say?
That tension has also surfaced in comments by a senior US official.
AP reported on Saturday that Tom Barrack, the US ambassador to Turkey and special envoy for Syria, said in an interview that Israel still occupies the Golan “against the UN resolutions”.
The remark is notable because it appears inconsistent with Washington’s formal position since 2019.
Trump’s White House proclamation explicitly recognised the Golan Heights as part of Israel, while the State Department has continued to record that recognition.
Barrack’s comments should therefore not be presented as a US policy reversal unless Washington formally changes its position. For now, they are the reported remarks of a senior US official that appear to conflict with the established government position.
Does Colombia’s Recognition Change The Golan’s Legal Status?
Not under the existing international framework.
Recognition by an individual state can have diplomatic significance, but it does not by itself overturn a UN Security Council resolution.
Resolution 497 remains part of the international legal record, while subsequent UN documents continue to cite it when describing the status of the Golan.
Colombia’s decision therefore changes its own diplomatic position rather than the UN’s.
The same distinction applied after the US recognition in 2019. Washington changed its position, but the broader international position remained unchanged.
What Happens Next?
For now, Colombia’s decision remains a significant departure from the position maintained by most governments and international institutions.
The immediate significance is that two states now formally recognise Israeli sovereignty over the Golan, rather than one, while the UN continues to regard Israel’s 1981 extension of its laws and administration over the territory as without international legal effect.
The episode also highlights an unusual contrast within the US position. Washington formally recognises Israeli sovereignty over the Golan, while a senior American envoy has publicly referred to Israel as still occupying the territory in violation of UN resolutions.
For Colombia, the issue is a question of sovereignty and Israeli security. For the UN system, it remains a question of occupation, territorial acquisition and international law. The gap between those positions is what makes Colombia’s decision significant.
