TB-500 Peptide Therapy

This in-depth guide on TB-500 peptide therapy was crafted by the research team at Peptides.org – the premier source for all information about research peptides, SARMs, and more.

For researchers interested in TB-500, this is your ultimate guide. Whether you are new to the field of peptide therapeutics or a veteran researcher, this overview will provide useful information.

Referencing the latest studies, we will review the evidenced benefits of TB-500, as well as its potential side effects and correct handling procedures.

We will also briefly discuss the different administration methods and the legality of TB-500, enabling you to conduct your research with safety and confidence.

Finally, we will reveal our highest recommendation for the online purchase of TB-500, chosen after in-depth market research on the top names in research peptide innovations.

What is TB-500?

TB-500 is a synthetic analog of thymosin-beta-4 (TB4), a regenerative peptide that is natural to most animal and human cells [1].

TB4 is made of 43 amino acids and is central to the wound healing process, primarily through its modulation of cellular migration and promotion of vascular growth. It is released by platelets and macrophages upon injury to reduce inflammation, cellular damage, and risk of infection [1 ,2].

TB-500 maintains the biological activity of TB4, with both linked in clinical studies to a range of therapeutic effects. These include improved healing in multiple tissue types, as well as anti-aging and cardiovascular benefits. TB4 is under close investigation as a prospective treatment for various cardiometabolic and inflammatory diseases, such as myocardial infarction, ulcerative colitis, corneal inflammation, and renal fibrosis [2].

Research and Development

Discovered in 1981 in bovine thymus tissue, thymosin beta-4 was first studied for its immunomodulating effects as a possible treatment for immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. Research has subsequently widened to cover its multifunctional properties [3].

TB-500 is popular in veterinary contexts and has been banned for use as a performance-enhancing substance in horse racing. TB4, TB-500, and related substances have also been banned for sporting use in humans by the World Anti-Doping Association (WADA) and the national bodies tasked with implementing its Code [1, 4].

Nonetheless, TB-500 and TB4 have been subject to ongoing research into their potential therapeutic benefits, evidencing favorable safety profiles in both animal and human models. Novel derivatives have recently been developed to improve bioavailability and targeted therapeutic effects, to be discussed below [5].

TB-500

What Does TB-500 Do?

While TB4 has been more heavily researched, researchers and clinicians consider TB-500 to be functionally identical. As such, studies on the therapeutic benefits of TB4 theoretically apply to both [1].

TB4 is noted for its anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and protective effects throughout the body. It upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and actin to promote angiogenesis and cellular migration, both important in the healing process. In these capacities, it is of particular interest to clinicians for its ability to repair cardiac and nervous tissues following ischemic events [2, 6].

TB4 also regulates cytokine levels to dramatically reduce oxidative stress, and attenuates fibrosis to improve healing. Its anti-inflammatory properties endow it with the potential to treat hepatic, renal, and cardiac injuries, as well as inflammatory bowel disease. Through these mechanisms, TB4 and TB-500 may contribute to the overall integrity of cardiovascular and connective tissues beyond the scope of injury repair [6].

Routes of Administration

Studies on TB-500 and TB4 use in human and animal models have featured several delivery methods. The primary administration routes are parenteral, oral, nasal, and topical. When injected, subcutaneous and intramuscular are the preferred methods. Research on optimal dosage and administration methods suggests that these are subject to change based on the clinical target [7].

TB-500 Benefits | Clinical Trials and Research

Most of the current data on TB-500 is pulled from studies in animal models, although there have been a handful of TB4 clinical trials.

While further investigation on TB-500 use in humans is needed, available findings include numerous therapeutic benefits, most notably:

Wound healing

TB4 improves healing through several physiological processes, including the promotion of epithelial and stem cell migration, as well as the inhibition of apoptosis in multiple tissue types.

Among these are muscle, skin, cardiac, corneal, and nerve cells. It has been closely studied as a treatment for dermal wounds. Clinical trials in both adults and children showed that topical application of TB4 safely accelerated wound healing in venous ulcers and other chronic cutaneous lesions. Another study suggested that TB4 organized collagen fibers to reduce scarring and strengthen connective tissues [2, 6, 8].

Angiogenesis

Studies show that TB4 stimulates the formation of new blood capillaries, a process known as angiogenesis. It has been shown in rat models to upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and promote endothelial differentiation, increasing capillary density in ischemic tissue. This further contributes to the healing process while facilitating disease recovery and improving cardiovascular health [2].

Anti-inflammatory properties

The anti-inflammatory action of TB4 has been observed in various organs, such as the liver, kidneys, eyes, heart, and brain. This is attributed to its regulation of inflammatory genes and cytokine levels. TB4 was shown in rat models with neuroinflammatory disease to significantly reduce inflammatory cells within the brain. Another animal study showed that TB4 reduced inflammatory factors in neonates with fetal alcohol disorder. In its anti-inflammatory capacity, TB4 is considered a potential treatment for renal and liver fibrosis, as well as ulcerative colitis [6].

Neurological health

Research indicates that TB4 has marked neurological benefits. It has been observed in animal studies to have neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects following traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries. In promoting neurovascular recovery, TB4 shows promise as a treatment for multiple sclerosis and diabetic myopathy, among other neurological diseases [2, 9].

While these are among the most significant findings on the therapeutic potentials of TB-500 and TB4, this is not an exhaustive review. Further areas of interest include improved hair growth and the treatment of metabolic disease. Additionally, TB-500 and TB4 may have global anti-aging outcomes due to their regenerative effects in multiple organ systems [2, 10].

TB-500 Safety and Side Effects

Although TB-500 and TB4 have not been formally evaluated for safety in humans, available data suggest their safety and tolerability when properly administered. Documented adverse effects and rare, transient, and mild. These include [4, 11]:

•   Fatigue
•   Headache
•   Nausea
•   Dizziness
•   Blurry vision
•   Changes in heart rate
•   Bruising at the site of injection

Nonetheless, researchers are advised to exercise caution when administering TB-500 due to the relative lack of available information on short or long-term use in human subjects. In general, research peptides can be linked with further minor side effects, such as [12]:

•   Changes in blood pressure
•   Changes in appetite
•   Pain at the site of injection

Adverse effects typically subside on their own and correspond with the use of low-grade peptide products. Such products, purchased from unauthorized suppliers, may be mislabeled or contain harmful contaminants.

Legitimate Supplier

To assure the safety of TB-500, it is recommended to purchase all peptides from vendors that meet these standards of credibility [12]:

1.   The peptides should be designated strictly for use in research settings.
2.   The vendor should not make medical guarantees or claims as to the outcomes of peptide administration.
3.   Peptide products must come with valid certificates of analysis (CoAs) from third-party lab partners that signify the identity and purity of the peptide compounds.

Following these purchasing guidelines, TB-500 can be safely administered according to best handling practices.

Handling

Lacking regulatory approval, TB-500 does not yet have formal dosage indications. However, research findings suggest useful parameters for handlers to maximize safety and efficacy in clinical settings. These findings will be provided below.

In addition to the correct dosage, handlers should follow the recommended methods of peptide storage and preparation. Injectable TB-500 is often sold in the form of a lyophilized powder that must be reconstituted with a sterile solvent and refrigerated to deter contamination. The process of peptide reconstitution calls for specific supplies that will be explained in the coming sections.

Lastly, researchers should keep abreast of emerging findings on TB-500 and immediately cease administration in the case of serious adverse effects. Research in the dynamic arena of peptide therapeutics is rapidly uncovering novel insights, therapeutic potentials, and tips on the best methods of administration.

TB-500

Is TB-500 Legal?

Qualified researchers and laboratory personnel may legally purchase and handle TB-500 for in vitro experimentation.

TB-500 is not approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for any therapeutic use at this time. Accordingly, researchers should note that the marketing of TB-500 for human use or as a medical product is illegal, and should therefore steer clear of TB-500 vendors who engage in such practices.

Equivalent restrictions are in place in Europe and the United Kingdom under the jurisdiction of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).

Unfortunately, the lack of peptide regulation has given rise to a global underground market featuring illegitimate retailers, low-grade products, and misleading medical claims. Individuals who purchase such products run the risk of significant adverse effects, while unauthorized vendors may incur legal sanctions in both the USA and UK [12, 13, 14].

Peptide Quality Measures

The novel industry of peptide therapeutics does not yet have substantial quality control measures established even within the licit market. This often impedes the authorization of peptide products for clinical evaluation and sale for medical use.

Nonetheless, industry observers note that applications for the clinical evaluation and marketing of peptide products are at record highs in the USA. These numbers are projected to steadily increase with the trending growth of the worldwide peptide market, attributed to the need for effective remedies to soaring rates of cardiometabolic and inflammatory disease [15, 16].

In response, the FDA has taken distinct steps to implement guidelines in the large-scale manufacture and distribution of peptide therapeutics. This involves fixed impurity limits, alterations to current legal precepts on biological products, and the establishment of public dockets to gather clinical data on peptide pharmacology. These dockets are intended to inform new regulations on the clinical evaluation of peptide therapeutics for market release [17, 18, 19].

Awaiting the fulfillment of these reforms, researchers are urged to use caution and avoid elicit peptide vendors, purchasing strictly from credible sources. When properly acquired and correctly handled in qualified settings, TB-500 is legal despite current challenges in the regulatory climate.

TB-500 Dosage and Cycle

Pending regulatory approval for use in humans, TB-500 does not yet have set dosage guidelines. However, research findings offer useful insights into the safe and effective dosage of TB-500 , as follows [4]:

•   Many studies involve parenteral administration, namely subcutaneous and intramuscular injection.
•   Healing outcomes are often time- and dose-dependent. As such, optimal dosage and frequency may change with the therapeutic target.
•   Experimental dosages in humans have included 2-5 mg administered twice weekly. Other studies feature a loading regimen that entails a higher starting dose followed by a period of lower maintenance doses.
•   Trials typically do not exceed 8 weeks, and indefinite TB-500 use is not advised.
•   It is recommended to start at a low dose and increase it gradually to prevent side effects.
•   Dosages seen in animal studies do not scale to human subjects.
•   The optimal dosage is subject to change with the weight and health of the subject.
•   The best route of administration may vary according to context. For example, when used to heal dermal wounds, topical administration is shown to be the most efficient.
•   Novel formulations for oral and intranasal delivery may present unique benefits.
Sample TB-500 Dosing Protocol

According to available findings, researchers may reference this TB-500 dosing protocol for healing and injury recovery.

•   TB-500 Dosage: 2mg TB-500, administered once a day via subcutaneous injection
•   Course Duration: 15 days
•   Notes: This protocol calls for three TB-500 10mg vials for a single research subject per 15-day course. A lower maintenance dosage of 1mg daily may be applied until full or near-full recovery.

When handling TB-500, researchers are advised to observe these findings and stay informed on the latest relevant studies in peptide therapeutics. Next, we will explore the unique advantages of several popular TB-500 delivery methods.

TB-500 | Injectable vs. Nasal Spray vs. Capsules

Researchers have a range of TB-500 delivery methods to choose from. Here, we will break down the main considerations when selecting the optimal format.

Bioavailability

Parenteral delivery has historically been considered the most bioavailable route of peptide delivery due to the low stability and rapid degradation of most peptides. Specifically, intramuscular and subcutaneous injections are the most common in clinical studies.

While injection is favored for its rapid onset and systemic effects, this method may not always be the best for the administration of TB-500. Research suggests that the therapeutic benefits of TB4 may in some cases be best achieved with targeted delivery via alternate delivery routes [2, 20].

Clinicians have recently developed an orally active form of TB-500 composed of a fragment of TB4 that maintains its biological activity. Due to its smaller size, TB4-frag is suitable for absorption in the GI tract and exhibits targeted anti-fibrotic activity in multiple organs. It is available in capsule form for easy oral delivery [21].

Lastly, emerging research suggests the untapped benefits of peptide delivery via nasal sprays. Intranasal delivery is an efficient means of both systemic and targeted nervous systems delivery with comparable bioavailability to injection. Through the direct nose-to-brain circuit, intranasal delivery may be the most efficient means to target the central nervous system (CNS). Given TB-500’s evidenced potential to treat neurological disease and injury, this route is certainly of interest [22].

Therapeutic Context

As you can see, the therapeutic context in many cases determines the best route for TB-500 administration. For anti-fibrotic and cardioprotective outcomes, oral delivery may be the most efficient. For neurological benefits, intranasal administration via nasal spray shows great promise. Meanwhile, systemic and global outcomes may be best achieved via injection [20, 21, 22].

Clinicians should also consider the comfort and ease afforded by the delivery method. Capsules and nasal sprays are less invasive than injections, perhaps encouraging ongoing use and marketing appeal. The latter could influence the course of pharmaceutical development and regulatory approval [22].

TB-500

Where to Buy TB-500 Online?

No matter which delivery method you select, the skilled team of researchers at Peptides.org is happy to give you our top recommendations for buying TB-500 online.

The most advanced TB-500 capsules made with orally active thymosin beta-4 fragment are these available from Peptide Sciences, a global leader in peptide excellence and innovation.

• Repair and Recovery Capsules

In addition to thymosin beta-4 fragment, the orally deliverable TB-500 derivative that maintains its biological activity, this reparative blend contains another orally active peptide known for its healing effects, stable BPC-157 arginate.

This product is an excellent option for research into the targeted treatment of the digestive tract as well as therapeutics for inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases.

If you are purchasing TB-500 for injection, look no further than this top-grade preparation also available from Peptide Sciences.

• TB-500 10mg

With a minimum purity level of 99%, this lyophilized powder is the highest-grade injectable TB-500 the web has to offer!

Peptide Sciences sets the standard in research peptide sales due to its proven quality and distinguished production methods. Plus, this favored brand offers premium goods at low prices, global shipping, and superior customer service. Visit the sleek and educational website today to enjoy safe checkout and many available payment methods!

If you choose TB-500 nasal spray, don’t miss this premium option from PureRawz, another trusted name in online peptide retail.

• PureRawz BPC-157/TB-500 Repair Spray (20mg)

This nasal spray formula also blends TB-500 with stable BPC-157 for rapid repair and recovery with systemic benefits.

Researchers exploring injury recovery as well as targeted neurological treatments will value this cutting-edge release.

PureRawz is highly regarded for its pure peptide offerings, verified with valid CoAs from third-party labs. Plus, rapid international shipping is available on its huge selection of research materials.

Purchase from one of these highly recommended suppliers to safely maximize your TB-500 research! Enjoy competitive prices, great business practices, and proven quality, no matter which format you choose.

How to Reconstitute TB-500

If injection is your chosen method of TB-500 administration, you must follow the proper method of peptide reconstitution.

Most injectable peptides are available in the form of lyophilized powder that must be dissolved with a sterile solvent before injection. The standard solvent for peptide reconstitution is bacteriostatic water.

Bacteriostatic Water

Composed of sterile water and benzyl alcohol, this solvent resists contamination. The alcohol acts as a preservative and increases the shelf life of reconstituted peptides when properly stored.

Bacteriostatic water efficiently dissolves lyophilized peptides without impacting their purity [23].

Supplies

You will need these materials to correctly reconstitute TB-500:

•   Vial of bacteriostatic water
•   Vial of lyophilized TB-500
•   Sterile syringe
•   Alcohol wipes
•   Extra sterile vials

Reconstitution Process

The method of TB-500 reconstitution is:

1.   Clean all items with an alcohol wipe to reduce the risk of contamination.
2.   Using a sterile syringe, withdraw the necessary amount of bac water.
3.   Slowly release the bac water into the vial of peptide powder so that it gradually dissolves.
4.   Do not stir or shake. If sonication is available, this may be used. The solution will appear clear when ready.
5.   A stronger solvent may be required if the powder does not fully dissolve.
6.   Refrigerate excess solutions for safe use up to 28 days after reconstitution.
7.   Specific storage and dosage guidelines may vary. Be sure to read all product literature.

Bacteriostatic water, along with other supplies needed for injection of TB-500, can be purchased from BacteriostaticWater.org.

TB-500 FAQ

How to Take TB-500

TB-500 may be administered in research settings following proper dosage and administration protocols. It should be purchased from legal sources that provide valid CoAs.

How is TB-500 Delivered?

TB-500 is most commonly delivered via intramuscular or subcutaneous injections, oral capsules, and nasal sprays. Topical gels and creams are also used for wound healing. The fragmentary form of TB-500 known as TB4-frag is uniquely adapted to oral delivery due to its small size and ready absorption into the GI tract.

The best method of TB-500 delivery largely depends on the desired therapeutic outcome. The effects of TB-50 are typically time- and dose-dependent. Therefore, it is highly recommended that researchers reference relevant studies on TB-500 to guide their experimental design.

Is TB-500 Dangerous?

TB-500 is safe with proper handling, showing good tolerability and no serious adverse effects in studies to date. However, it has not undergone thorough safety evaluation for use in humans. Researchers must exercise caution to source TB-500 from legitimate vendors, decreasing the risk of contamination. Further, adherence to clinical guidelines is a must.

Is TB-500 a Steroid?

No. TB-500 is a synthetic analog of the naturally occurring peptide thymosin beta-4. It has no affinity for the androgen receptor and is therefore not a steroid.

Does TB-500 Increase Testosterone?

There is no evidence to suggest that TB-500 increases testosterone. While its upregulation of certain growth factors may mirror some of the effects of androgens, it has not been shown to directly affect testosterone levels.

Does TB-500 Build Muscle?

TB-500 aids muscle repair and growth, especially in healing contexts.

Does TB-500 Cause Weight Gain?

TB-500 can cause changes in body weight depending on the mode of administration, therapeutic context, and health of the subject.
TB-500 | Summary

In summation, TB-500 is a potent regenerative peptide and the subject of cutting-edge clinical investigation for numerous therapeutic benefits.

These include enhanced healing and repair in most tissue types throughout the body, as well as the potential to treat cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurological diseases.

Plus, it is one of the few research peptides that is safely suited to multiple administration routes, each with unique advantages.

Researchers can add TB-500 to their studies with the premium selection of formats offered by our most recommended suppliers.

Whether you choose TB-500 in injectable or capsule form form Peptide Sciences, or the outstanding nasal spray from PureRawz , you are sure to enjoy the best TB-500 to be found online.

References

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2. Xing, Y., Ye, Y., Zuo, H., & Li, Y. (2021). Progress on the Function and Application of Thymosin β4. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.767785

3. Low TL, Hu SK, Goldstein AL (1981) Complete amino acid sequence of bovine thymosin beta 4: a thymic hormone that induces terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in thymocyte populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78: 1162–1166.

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9. Michael Chopp & Zheng Gang Zhang (2015) Thymosin β4 as a restorative/regenerative therapy for neurological injury and neurodegenerative diseases, Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 15:sup1, 9-12, DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1005596

10. Maar K, Hetenyi R, Maar S, Faskerti G, Hanna D, Lippai B, Takatsy A, Bock-Marquette I. Utilizing Developmentally Essential Secreted Peptides Such as Thymosin Beta-4 to Remind the Adult Organs of Their Embryonic State-New Directions in Anti-Aging Regenerative Therapies. Cells. 2021 May 28;10(6):1343. doi: 10.3390/cells10061343. PMID: 34071596; PMCID: PMC8228050.

11. Wang, X., Liu, L., Qi, L., Lei, C., Li, P., Wang, Y., Liu, C., Bai, H., Han, C., Sun, Y., & Liu, J. (2021). A first‐in‐human, randomized, double‐blind, single‐ and multiple‐dose, phase I study of recombinant human thymosin β4 in healthy Chinese volunteers. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 25(17), 8222-8228. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.16693

12. Brennan, R., Wells, J. G., & Van Hout, M. C. (2014). An unhealthy glow? A review of melanotan use and associated clinical outcomes. Performance Enhancement & Health, 3(2), 78–92. doi:10.1016/j.peh.2015.06.001

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14. Richards, N., & Hudson, I. (2016). UK medicines regulation: Responding to current challenges. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 82(6), 1471-1476. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13077

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16. At 7.5% CAGR, global peptide synthesis market size & share to surpass US$ 845.68 million by 2028 | peptide synthesis industry [Internet]. Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg; 2023 [cited 2023Feb]. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/press-releases/2023-01-31/at-7-5-cagr-global-peptide-synthesis-market-size-share-to-surpass-us-845-68-million-by-2028-peptide-synthesis-industry?utm_source=website&utm_medium=share&utm_campaign=copy

17. Eglovitch JS. FDA guidance spells out acceptance criteria for synthetic peptide andas [Internet]. Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society (RAPS). [cited 2023Feb]. Available from: https://www.raps.org/news-and-articles/news-articles/2021/5/fda-guidance-spells-out-acceptance-criteria-for-sy

18. The Federal Register [Internet]. Federal Register :: Request Access. [cited 2023Feb]. Available from: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/12/12/2018-26840/definition-of-the-term-biological-product

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20. Huang Z, Song Y, Pang Z, Zhang B, Yang H, Shi H, Chen J, Gong H, Qian J, Ge J. Targeted delivery of thymosin beta 4 to the injured myocardium using CREKA-conjugated nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine. 2017;12:3023-3036
https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S131949

21. Wang W, Jia W, Zhang C. The Role of Tβ4-POP-Ac-SDKP Axis in Organ Fibrosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(21):13282. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113282

22. Bose M, Farias Quipildor G, Ehrlich ME, Salton SR. Intranasal Peptide Therapeutics: A Promising Avenue for Overcoming the Challenges of Traditional CNS Drug Development. Cells. 2022; 11(22):3629. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11223629

23. W. B. What is Bacteriostatic Water? [Internet]. Study.com | Take Online Courses. Earn College Credit. Research Schools, Degrees & Careers. 2022 [cited 2022Aug17]. Available from: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-bacteriostatic-water-definition-uses.html

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