As industries shift toward digital-first experiences, traditional ticketing systems are plagued by fraud, platform lock-in, and a lack of adaptability across sectors like entertainment, education, healthcare, and conferences. These challenges are exacerbated by centralized architectures that limit scalability and introduce operational inefficiencies.
To address these issues, Raja Mohan Dhanushkodi, Assistant Vice President at State Street Bank & Trust, has developed a blockchain-based, domain-agnostic ticketing framework that delivers reusable, verifiable digital tickets using NFTs and event-driven automation, creating a scalable solution deployed on AWS Cloud.
In his paper published in the International Journal of Information Technology and Management Information Systems (IJITMIS), titled "A Blockchain-Based Generic and Reusable Ticket Booking Framework: Scalable Implementation Using AWS Cloud Infrastructure," Raja presents a cloud-native, intelligent middleware architecture that separates ticket logic from siloed applications, embedding intelligence directly into the ticket object itself.
“We’re not just issuing tickets—we’re enabling a decentralized trust layer that governs access intelligently across domains,” Raja notes.
From Static Passes to Smart Digital Assets
At the core of Raja’s framework is a shift from static QR codes and barcodes to programmable non-fungible tokens (NFTs) issued via Ethereum smart contracts. Each NFT ticket holds embedded lifecycle metadata, access rules, and identity bindings, allowing seamless interoperability between unrelated systems.
Key pilot outcomes:
Eliminated duplicate ticketing through cryptographically unique assets
Reduced check-in latency by 3x with decentralized validation
Enabled cross-sector ticket reuse, from university access to healthcare appointments
These reusable assets behave as tamper-resistant credentials, carry automated expiration logic, and support programmable transfer and refund conditions, making them ideally suited for both public and private sector use cases.
Scalable Cloud-Native Architecture on AWS
The framework leverages the elasticity and modularity of AWS to handle high-volume transactions during peak demand. Raja’s architecture includes:
AWS Lambda for real-time execution of ticket issuance, validation, and lifecycle events
Amazon API Gateway as a unified endpoint for external services and ticket consumers
DynamoDB for high-speed, immutable metadata storage
AWS Cognito for decentralized identity verification across channels
This event-driven infrastructure ensures resilience and cost-efficiency through microservices and serverless compute, allowing institutions to scale without investing in monolithic infrastructure.
Booking events are integrated with smart contract triggers and blockchain logging, ensuring real-time telemetry, fault tolerance, and traceability.
Protocol-Level Fraud Prevention and Smart Compliance
By embedding auditability and verification directly into the ticket object, the system mitigates common vulnerabilities such as duplication, resale fraud, and credential spoofing. Raja’s smart contract design incorporates:
Immutable ownership and usage logs on the blockchain
AI-based fraud detection using anomaly patterns and behavioral scoring
Lifecycle management logic for refund eligibility, expiration, and blacklisting
Organizations deploying this framework reported a 90% reduction in ticket fraud, improved SLA metrics, and simplified regulatory reporting via on-chain proofs.
Examples include healthcare institutions controlling access during pandemic response and educational institutions issuing exam entry passes verified across campuses in real time.
A Foundation for Decentralized Access Systems
Raja Mohan Dhanushkodi’s architecture offers a foundational, decentralized access control system that goes beyond traditional ticketing. Built with middleware abstraction and event-driven intelligence, it integrates easily with both legacy and modern platforms—making it suitable for sectors like education, healthcare, public services, and enterprises.
The system separates access logic from applications, using smart contracts and digital wallets to manage identity and events. This turns tickets into reusable, programmable digital assets with minimal admin effort.
Key Benefits Include:
Seamless Integration: Works with old ERP systems and new microservices via flexible APIs and identity protocols.
Reusable Access Tokens: Users can reuse and transfer tickets across different services and domains.
Smart Contract Automation: Handles refunds, reschedules, and access changes in real-time.
“The goal is to create a reusable access framework—not just for events, but for any system where identity and time-bound access matter,” says Raja.
Pilot Deployment Outcomes:
Cross-Event Identity Reassignment: Reassign tickets without reissuing, simplifying workflows.
Instant Refunds via Smart Contracts: Automates cancellations and refunds.
On-Chain Auditability: All actions logged securely for compliance and review.
Raja’s solution transforms access rights into smart, secure, and scalable assets—laying the foundation for future-ready digital infrastructure across industries.
About Raja Mohan Dhanushkodi
Raja Mohan Dhanushkodi, Assistant Vice President at State Street Bank & Trust, is a technology architect with a focus on cloud strategy and intelligent enterprise systems. He has led legacy modernization, built cloud-native platforms, and implemented infrastructure-as-code using Terraform and CloudFormation. His work includes a recognized greenhouse gas reporting platform and expertise across NET Core, Kubernetes, AWS, and Azure. With an Advanced Certification in Software Engineering and AI credentials in Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Generative AI, his expertise in cloud automation, secure architectures, and blockchain-integrated solutions.
