Vijayadashami, popularly known as Dussehra, is one of India’s most significant festivals, marking the triumph of good over evil. In 2025, this auspicious day will be celebrated on Thursday, October 2nd. Observed on the tenth day of the Hindu lunar month of Ashwin, it concludes the nine-day Navratri festival. The word 'Vijayadashami' itself, from the Sanskrit 'Vijaya' (victory) and 'Dashami' (tenth), perfectly captures its essence: a celebration of righteousness prevailing.
Historical and Mythological Roots
Vijayadashami is rooted in two major Hindu epics—the Ramayana and the Mahabharata—both of which convey profound spiritual and moral lessons.
1. The Ramayana Connection
According to the Ramayana, Vijayadashami commemorates Lord Rama’s victory over the demon king Ravana, who had abducted Rama’s wife, Sita. After a fierce battle in Lanka, Rama defeated Ravana on the tenth day, symbolizing the victory of righteousness (dharma) over evil (adharma). In many parts of India, especially in North India, this day is marked by Ramlila performances and the burning of effigies of Ravana, Meghnad, and Kumbhkaran—symbolizing the destruction of evil.
2. The Mahabharata Connection
In another legend from the Mahabharata, Vijayadashami is linked to the Pandavas, who are believed to have completed their incognito exile (Agyatvas) on this day. They retrieved their weapons hidden under a Shami tree and went on to reclaim their kingdom. Hence, the Shami tree is worshipped on this occasion in some regions.
3. Goddess Durga’s Triumph
In eastern parts of India, especially West Bengal, Assam, and Odisha, Vijayadashami marks the culmination of Durga Puja, celebrating Goddess Durga’s victory over the buffalo demon Mahishasura. It symbolizes the divine power’s victory over arrogance and ignorance. The idol immersion (Visarjan) of Durga on this day represents her return to Mount Kailash, her celestial abode.
Cultural Significance Across India
The festival is celebrated differently across regions, reflecting India’s diversity and unity:
North India: Ramlila plays and Ravana effigy burnings are central, often accompanied by fairs and fireworks.
West Bengal and the East: Emotional farewell processions for Goddess Durga, with people bidding her goodbye through dance, music, and immersion.
Maharashtra: Families exchange Apta leaves as a symbol of gold, wishing each other prosperity. It’s also considered an auspicious day to begin new ventures.
South India: Especially in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, dolls are displayed in an arrangement called Golu, and Vijayadashami marks a day for beginning new learning, especially in music, dance, and academics.
Mysuru (Karnataka): Known for its royal procession, where the Mysore Palace is illuminated, and the city hosts an elaborate Dasara celebration with parades and cultural events.
Symbolism and Modern Relevance
Beyond mythology, Vijayadashami carries powerful universal themes:
Victory of good over evil
Importance of truth, courage, and virtue
Renewal and new beginnings
In modern times, it inspires people to conquer personal challenges, let go of negativity, and make fresh starts. It is also considered one of the most auspicious days in the Hindu calendar for starting education, businesses, and new endeavors.
Vijayadashami is not just a celebration of past victories, but a reminder that truth, justice, and righteousness will always triumph, no matter the odds. Its timeless message resonates across generations, making it not only a religious occasion but a cultural and philosophical touchstone in Indian life.
