Mass sterilisation was the cornerstone of Sanjay Gandhi’s Five-Point Programme, introduced during the Emergency imposed on the country by his mother, the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The programme included relatively banal efforts, such as for afforestation, dowry abolition, eradication of illiteracy and slum clearance. But it is the sterilisations pursued by him and his closest friends and supporters—and the government machinery—that damaged India’s family planning programme the most.