Three months after NATO announced that Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan had agreed to let Sweden become a member of the military organisation, little sign has emerged that the Nordic country will be allowed to join its ranks anytime soon.
The issue was expected to be raised on Thursday at NATO headquarters where the 31 member countries were holding their second day of talks.
Sweden and its neighbour Finland turned their backs on decades of military non-alignment after President Vladimir Putin ordered Russia troops to invade Ukraine in February 2022. Their aim was to seek protection under NATO's security umbrella, and Finland joined in April.
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All 31 NATO allies must endorse Sweden's membership. Turkiye and Hungary are dragging their feet. Publicly, Erdogan has said he was blocking because he believes that Sweden has been too soft on Kurdish militants and other groups that he considers to be security threats. Many allies doubt that.
At a NATO summit in Lithuania's capital in July, Erdogan said he would transmit Sweden's accession protocol to the Turkish parliament for ratification, the final step for Turkiye to endorse its candidature, according to NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg.
“We have an agreement in Vilnius where Turkiye said clearly that they are ready to ratify,” Stoltenberg told reporters on Wednesday, noting that the deal meant “that the president will work with the Grand National Assembly, the parliament, to ensure ratification”.
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“It was stated clearly that that should happen as soon as possible, meaning that when the parliament again convened, then this process should start to take place,” he added. “The parliament has just convened a few days ago. therefore I expect this to happen.”
Erdogan had relented after the Biden administration signalled it would let Turkiye buy 40 new F-16 fighter jets and modernisation kits from the United States. Ankara also received assurances from Sweden that it would help revive Turkiye's own quest to join the European Union.
As of Thursday though, no public sign had emerged that the Turkish leader had sent the key membership document. In a statement issued on July 10 in Vilnius, Turkiye had agreed that Sweden's accession is important “given the imperatives of the deterrence and defence of the Euro-Atlantic area”.
It had been hoped that the long-awaited ratification would come soon after October 1, when Turkiye's parliament resumed work. But on the same day, a suicide bomber blew himself up outside the interior ministry in Ankara. Another would-be bomber was killed in a shootout with police. Two officers were wounded.
The attack prompted Turkiye to mount airstrikes against suspected Kurdish militant sites in northern Iraq and launch a series of raids across Turkiye in which dozens of people with suspected links to the Kurdish militants were rounded up.
Hungary's objections are not entirely clear. Prime Minister Viktor Orban has repeatedly said that his country would not be the last to endorse Sweden's membership. That stance has left Stockholm and some allies perplexed, as no public demands have been made to win his approval.
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Some vague allusions have surfaced. Orban's government has alleged that Swedish politicians have told “blatant lies” about the state of Hungary's democracy and that this has left some lawmakers unsure about whether to support the accession bid.
Last month, Orban said that he is in no hurry anyway. He told lawmakers that “nothing is threatening Sweden's security”, and that Hungary was therefore in “no rush” to ratify its membership.
