The ED, represented by Solicitor General Tushar Mehta, argued that the trial court erred in holding that cognisance was impermissible without an FIR, asserting that judicial cognisance of the scheduled offence on a private complaint (filed by BJP leader Subramanian Swamy in 2012) satisfies PMLA requirements. The agency has accused the Gandhis, along with Suman Dubey, Sam Pitroda, late Motilal Vora, late Oscar Fernandes, and private company Young Indian Pvt Ltd, of criminal conspiracy and money laundering involving the alleged fraudulent acquisition of Associated Journals Limited (AJL) assets—worth around ₹2,000 crore—through a ₹90 crore loan from the Congress party assigned to Young Indian for just ₹50 lakh.