Iran hanged Bahman Choobiasl, a 52-year-old engineer, on September 29, 2025, accusing him of leaking missile and nuclear secrets to Israel's Mossad, marking the 10th espionage execution since June's Iran-Israel conflict.
Human rights groups, including Amnesty International, condemned the execution as a sham, citing no public evidence, a closed trial, and Iran's history of coerced confessions, suggesting the case masks political repression.
The execution, timed with new UN sanctions on Iran's nuclear program, signals defiance to the West, risks derailing nuclear talks, and fuels domestic unrest amid economic strife and ongoing shadow war with Israel.