Bitcoin mining is perhaps the most contentious and disputed topic in the digital currency industry. Although people are familiar with Bitcoin as some form of decentralized digital currency, not everyone has a clue on how new Bitcoins are minted and how the network is secured. It is this activity, or mining, that forms the foundation of the Bitcoin technology and also a uniting topic in researching the entire field of crypto mining. To understand how relevant it is, let us divide how it works, why it works, and the challenges it currently has.