Japanese Scientists Regenerate Bone Using Stem Cells

Researchers in Japan have successfully treated spinal fractures in animals using stem cells derived from fatty tissue. The team from Osaka Metropolitan University used stem cells taken from adipose tissue—the body’s fat—to repair spine fractures in rats, similar to those caused by osteoporosis in humans. These cells are easy to collect, even from older individuals, and are minimally invasive, offering a gentler way to treat bone-related conditions.

In rats treated with these stem cells, bone regeneration and strength improved significantly. Genes responsible for bone formation and repair were also activated. The study was published in Bone and Joint Research.

“This research highlights the potential of using ADSC-based bone spheroids for developing new treatments for spinal fractures,” said Yuta Sawada, a graduate student at Osaka Metropolitan University’s Graduate School of Medicine.

Dr. Shinji Takahashi added, “Because these cells come from fat, collecting them puts little strain on the body, making the procedure safe for patients. This simple and effective method could treat even complex fractures and speed up recovery.”

Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens bones, making them prone to fractures. Among these, compression fractures of the spine, called osteoporotic vertebral fractures, are the most common. They can severely affect quality of life and often require long-term care.

Stem cells are multipotent, meaning they can develop into different types of cells. The team transformed adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into bone-differentiated spheroids—three-dimensional clusters—and combined them with beta-tricalcium phosphate, a material commonly used in bone reconstruction. This combination successfully healed spinal fractures in rats.

“This technique could become a new way to extend the healthy lives of patients,” Takahashi said.

Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are often caused by minor trauma or even daily activities and can lead to significant back pain, deformity, and a higher risk of subsequent fractures. Treatment typically involves conservative measures like pain management, bracing, and physical therapy, but surgical intervention may be needed for severe or unstable cases.