The recent communal violence in India draws attention totwo significant problems that are undermining India’s greatness. The firstproblem is the growing animus between the followers of two of the world’sgreat religions – Islam and Hinduism -- both with long histories of toleranceand pluralism.The second problemis the implication of India’s national and local governments in this growingtension between advocates of Islamic and Hindu identities. The two problemstogether strain social seams by creating deep fault lines on the basis ofreligious identity and also erode national consensus about the secularfoundations of India’s polity.