At the end of the second world war, I was the director for overall effects of the United States strategicbombing survey - Usbus, as it was known. I led a large professional economic staff in assessment of theindustrial and military effects of the bombing of Germany. The strategic bombing of German industry,transportation and cities, was gravely disappointing. Attacks on factories that made such seemingly crucialcomponents as ball bearings, and even attacks on aircraft plants, were sadly useless. With plant and machineryrelocation and more determined management, fighter aircraft production actually increased in early 1944 aftermajor bombing. In the cities, the random cruelty and death inflicted from the sky had no appreciable effect onwar production or the war.