Cooper declared: "When dealing with the more old-fashioned kinds of states outside the postmodern continent of Europe, we need to revert to the rougher methods of an earlier era—force, pre-emptive attack, deception.... The opportunities, perhaps even the need, for colonisation is as great as it ever was in the 19th century.... What is needed, then, is a new kind of imperialism.... We can already discern its outline: an imperialism which, like all imperialism, aims to bring order and organisation but which rests today on the voluntary principle."