Who was Anne Frank? Here is what you need to know

Against the backdrop of Nazi Germany's rise to power, a young girl named Anne Frank emerged as an enduring symbol of courage, resilience, and the indomitable human spirit. Anne documented her remarkable story  in her diary and brought to life through the Anne Frank House which continues to inspire and educate people worldwide about the horrors of discrimination, racism, and hatred.

Born in the German city of Frankfurt am Main in 1929, Anne Frank's early years were marked by economic hardship and political upheaval. The backdrop of her childhood was the Great Depression, widespread unemployment, and the ominous rise of Adolf Hitler and his anti-Semitic party. Hitler's vitriolic hatred for Jews fueled a climate of fear and prejudice in Germany, prompting Anne's parents, Otto and Edith Frank, to make the difficult decision to relocate their family to Amsterdam, Netherlands.

In the Netherlands, Anne thrived. She embraced the language, made friends, and attended a Dutch school near her home. Her father, Otto, ventured into the business world, eventually founding a company specializing in pectin, a crucial ingredient in making jam. Despite the challenges, life in the Netherlands held promise for the Frank family.

However, the shadow of war soon darkened their lives. In September 1939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland, igniting World War II. In May 1940, the Netherlands fell to the Nazis, subjecting its Jewish population to a series of discriminatory laws and regulations. Parks, cinemas, and non-Jewish shops became off-limits to Jews, isolating Anne and her family from the broader community. Otto Frank lost his business, as Jews were prohibited from owning enterprises.

The situation worsened as Jews were forced to wear the Star of David on their clothes, a visible mark of their identity. Fearing deportation, Anne's family chose to go into hiding in July 1942. Otto had secretly prepared a hiding place in the annex of his business premises at Prinsengracht 263, aided by former colleagues. In time, four more people joined them in their concealed refuge. Anne, however, had to live in stifling silence, constantly fearful.

On her thirteenth birthday, Anne received a diary, a gift that would become her lifeline during two years in hiding. She chronicled the events of the Secret Annex, her thoughts, feelings, and even her writing endeavors. Her remarkable ability to find solace in writing helped her endure the challenging circumstances.

As the war raged on, Anne's family and their companions faced an unimaginable ordeal. Tragically, they were discovered and arrested on August 4, 1944, for reasons that remain unclear to this day. Although Anne's life was cut short, part of her writing was saved by helpers, ensuring her legacy lived on.

In February 1945, Anne and her sister Margot died  in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, succumbing to the brutal conditions and disease. Otto Frank, their father, was the sole survivor from the Secret Annex. He dedicated his life to sharing Anne's story, publishing her diary in 1947 as "Het Achterhuis" (The Secret Annex).

Anne's diary became a global phenomenon, translated into numerous languages, and adapted for stage and screen. In 1960, the Anne Frank House opened as a museum, preserving the memory of Anne's courage and the lessons of history. Otto Frank, until his death in 1980, tirelessly advocated for tolerance, understanding, and the fight against discrimination.