The past decade saw the universe of cryptocurrencies make tremendous leaps towards becoming mass-market technology, if from an exotic one. While individual retail investors enjoy being the face of the headlines on spectacular price advances, the underlying technical infrastructure is the key to maintaining stretched periods of trending upward, commonly known as bull markets. Two pillars of this infrastructure include institutional-scale systems and decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. A comprehension of their functions can provide insights into the impact of technology innovations on market liquidity, stability, and investor sentiment.