The Swadeshi Movement, now known as the “Made in India” campaign was first initiated in 1905. It was an important area of focus for Mahatma Gandhi who described it as the essence of Swaraj (self-rule or independence). The movement led to a newfound appreciation for Indian goods whilst boycotting British-made products including foreign fabrics and textiles. Simple hand-spun and hand-woven sarees became high fashion all across Bombay, Calcutta and other parts of India. The movement helped revive the indigenous industry and gave rise to Indian cotton mills, match factories, glassblowing shops, and iron and steel foundries. Self-reliance became the focus of the movement as a way to assert national dignity.