Ranjan had many great achievements to his credit, the knowledge of which would, unfortunately, remain buried in the archives of the R&AW unless one day the government shows wisdom in letting historians have access to them. I would mention but two. He was the first to sound the alarm bell when the Taliban, with the encouragement of Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and her husband Asif Zirdari, made its appearance in Afghanistan in 1994 and subsequently managed to establish its control over large parts of Afghanistan. He again sounded the alarm bell when in 1996, the government of Burhanuddin Rabbani in Kabul, after consulting her, allowed Osama bin Laden to shift from Khartoum to Jalalabad. He apprehended that the emergence of the Taliban with the help of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence and the shifting of bin Laden to Afghanistan would aggravate India's internal security problems and took steps to create a counter-Taliban capability in the R&AW. He also considerably strengthened its counter-Pakistan capability and added to its teeth.