Since these Conventions were adopted, there have been seven hijackings ofaircraft of the Indian Airlines Corporation (IAC) by ISI-trained terroristorganisations. Five of these were by Sikh terrorists, all India-based, oneby Kashmiri extremists, again India-based, and the seventh in December 1999 bythe Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM), a Pakistani-based organisation of Pakistanioffice-bearers and cadres, which was designated by the US as a Foreign TerroristOrganisation in October,1997, under its then name of Harkat-ul-Ansar and whichbecame in 1998 a member of Osama bin Laden's International Islamic Front ForJehad Against the US and Israel and signed bin Laden's first fatwa against theUS as stated in the US State Department's Report on the Patterns of GlobalTerrorism during 2000 released on April 30,2001, by Gen. (retd) Colin Powell, USSecretary of State.