When the UPA government decided to execute the NDA government’s initiativefor an Indo-US N-deal, Karat opposed it. He said national security and India’sindependent foreign policy were compromised. The Left would withdraw support.The government went ahead and negotiated the 123 Agreement for the deal. Karatsought the agreement text. The government showed him the text. The agreement didnot refer to nuclear tests. But the US government passed a domestic law, theHyde Act, which forbade help to any nation conducting nuclear tests.