The Google Doodle on Tuesday honoured Soviet theoretical physicist and Noble Laureate Lev Davidovich Landau, who won the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physics for his research into liquid helium's behaviour at extremely low temperatures.
Born in Baku, Azerbaijan on January 22 in 1908, Landau's work covered all branches of theoretical physics, ranging from fluid mechanics to quantum field theory.
His father was an engineer with the local oil industry and his mother was a doctor.
Landau was a child prodigy in mathematics and learnt the calculus at a very early age. By the time he was 13, he could integrate and differentiate with ease.
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"Described by classmates as a 'quiet, shy boy,' young Landau was brilliant at Math and science, but struggled in relating to his classmates," Google said in its post.
Enrolling in the Physics Department of Leningrad University, his first publication titled "On the Theory of the Spectra of Diatomic Molecules" was already in print when he was just 18.
Completing his PhD at 21, Landau earned a Rockefeller fellowship and a Soviet stipend which allowed him to visit research facilities in Zurich, Cambridge, and Copenhagen, where he had the opportunity to study with Nobel Laureate Niels Bohr.
He married Kora T. Drobanzeva, who was from Kharkiv, present-day Ukraine, in 1937. Nine years later in 1946, their son was born, and they named him Igor.
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When it came to love and physical intimacy, Landau rued the idea of monogamy, and instead propagated what he called "free love". He even encouraged his wife and students to follow the same principle. However, his wife, reportedly, was not much amused by the idea.
Elected to the erstwhile USSR's Academy of Sciences in 1946, Landau also received the Lenin Science Prize for his monumental Course of Theoretical Physics -- a 10-volume study co-written with his student Evgeny Lifshitz.
His wide-ranging research has linked his name to many concepts that he was first to describe including Landau Levels, which are the focus of today's Doodle, Landau diamagnetism, Landau damping, and the Landau energy spectrum.
"His legacy is also kept alive by the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics in Moscow -- and there is even a crater on the moon named after him!," said Google.
In 1961, he received the Max Planck Medal and the Fritz London Prize. Landau died on April 1, 1968.
(with inputs from IANS)
