A swarm attack is a commando-style attack involving multiple targets and/ or multiple modus operandi--that is a mix of the use of hand-held weapons and explosives. Since the Mumbai terrorist attack of November 26 to 29, 2008, which was itself a major swarm attack, there have been seven more-- four in Kabul, Kandahar and Khost in Afghanistan by the Afghan Taliban and three in Lahore possibly by the Pakistani Taliban.
These attacks--particularly those in Kabul-- have had common features--a mix of the suicidal (fedayeen ) and suicide terrorism, facilitated by good intelligence at the disposal of the Taliban, a mix of suicide bombers on foot and vehicle-borne suicide bombers, fierce motivation, ability to stand and fight till death without losing courage, audacity in planning and execution and the ability to keep the planning a secret from governmental agencies.
The seventh commando-style swarm attack in Kabul on January 18, 2010, on a number of governmental establishments, including the residence of President Hamid Karzai, and some private establishments too has creditably been beaten back by the Afghan Security forces. They were initially taken by surprise by the attacks, which reportedly involved about 20 terrorists-- 10 more than in Mumbai-- but they managed to recover fast and neutralise the surviving members of the Taliban group that attacked. The operation--involving the initial surprise attack by the Taliban and the counter-attack by the Afghan security forces-- which began at 9-35 AM was over before sunset.
There are two ways of analysing the attacks. One way of analysis would be to focus on the questions :were they timed to coincide with the swearing-in of some of his Ministers by President Karzai, the coming visit of Mr Robert Gates, the US Defence Secretary, to this region and the international conference on Afghanistan in London on January 28, 2010.
The second way would be to pose to ourselves the question--what do these attacks portend for the future? From the point of view of the future, certain ominous aspects need to be highlighted. The first is that the two Talibans--with the possible help of Al Qaeda based in North Waziristan-- have trained multiple swarm commando teams, which are available with them for swarm attacks of a strategic nature. The second is that their expertise in commando-style attacks continues to improve. The third is the possibility that Al Qaeda might, through the Talibans-- use a swarm style commando attack for overcoming physical security in a nuclear establishment--if not for getting hold of nuclear weapons or material, at least for creating mass panic.
Since March last year, I have been repeatedly writing about the commando-style swarm attacks, which have been taking place with persistent frequency in this region, meaning Pakistan, Afghanistan and India too and the importance of studying them from the professional angle and strengthening our preventive capability to counter them through enhanced multi-layer physical security in sensitive establishmens and our rapid action capability to neutralise them if the terrorists do succeed in attacking by surprise.
The latest attack in Kabul once again underlines the importance of these measures. I would like to repeat again what I have been saying and writing in the past: We should not live in a make-believe world thinking that these things happen only in Pakistan and Afghanistan, but they can't happen in India. They can.
Also see, my two articles of March 6 and March 7, 2009
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B. Raman is Additional Secretary (retd), Cabinet Secretariat, Govt. of India, New Delhi, and, presently, Director, Institute For Topical Studies, Chennai.
